How the Second World War decolonised Africa - The New Times The Charter also created theTrusteeship Councilas a main organ of the UN. Philosopher Paul Ricur has spoken of the necessity of a "decolonisation of memory", starting with the recognition of the 1961 Paris massacre during the Algerian war, and the decisive role of African and especially North African immigrant manpower in the Trente Glorieuses postWorld War II economic growth period. India and Pakistan fought several wars over the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. In 1807 and 1808, the Viceroyalty of the River Plate was invaded by the British. Once Allies during World War II, the US and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt . The reasons for decolonization after World War II are; Us and European War Debts respect for human rights Anti-colonial feelings World War II can be regarded as a global destructive war that shook the world. For hundreds of years, competing, mainly European empires controlled countries or areas around the world and exploited indigenous peoples and resources in territory they ruled. Puerto Rico became an unincorporated territory of the US, but Cuba became independent in 1902. How did decolonization affect Africa? - TimesMojo UN Photo/Denise Cook, Sustainable Development and Climate Action, Declaration on the Granting of Independenceto Colonial Countries and Peoples, International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, Statute of the International Court of Justice, Annual Report of the Secretary-General on the Work of the Organization, Secretary-General's Action Agenda on Internal Displacement, Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect, Black Sea Grain Initiative Joint Coordination Centre, Trkiye-Syria Earthquake Response (Donate). decolonization, process by which colonies become independent of the colonizing country. Some former colonies like South Korea and Taiwan shifted from exporting raw materials to instead producing various industrial goods such as ships and computers. This lack of economic diversification presented challenges for newly independent countries when demand for their primary exports fell. Following the SpanishAmerican War in 1898, the US added most of Spain's remaining colonies: Puerto Rico, Philippines, and Guam. Power dynamics change over time. Local revolts grew in power and finally, the Belgian king suddenly announced in 1959 that independence was on the agenda and it was hurriedly arranged in 1960, for country bitterly and deeply divided on social and economic grounds.[44]. However, one thing remains important to remember: decolonization is a relatively recent phenomenon. [83] The UK does not recognize Mauritius' sovereignty claim over the Chagos Archipelago. In early 1945, Japan ousted the French administration in Vietnam and executed numerous French officials. Decolonization as political change The rapidity of the retreat from modern colonial empire impressed all as it was . However Morocco merged French Morocco with Spanish Morocco, and Somalia formed from the merger of British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland. In Cameroon and Nigeria, political movements have pushed to reorganize the countries along ethnic lines rather than colonial borders. Cold War Challenges: Decolonization did not occur in a vacuum. This transition, also known as industrialization, allowed the two economies to soar given the high demand and high prices for such goods. After World War II, there was worldwide decolonization as Britain was granting independence to all of its major colonies. The world map fundamentally changed during the era of decolonization with roughly a hundred countries coming into existence between 1945 and 1989. There was widespread unrest and organized revolts, especially in French Algeria, Portuguese Angola, the Belgian Congo and British Kenya.[47][48][49][50]. The decolonisation of Africa was a process that took place in the mid-to-late 1950s to 1975 during the Cold War, with radical government changes on the continent as colonial governments made the transition to independent states.The process was often marred with violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts in both northern and sub-Saharan countries including the Mau Mau . Foreign Affairs remained under American control. The Haitian Revolution was a revolt in 1789 and subsequent slave uprising in 1791 in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. And which policies would best ensure safety and stability while propelling economic growth? With this new wave of Indian nationalism, Gandhi was eventually able to garner the support needed to push back the British and create an independent India in 1947.[31]. European imperial retreat from sub-Saharan Africa, usually described as decolonization, was one of the most sudden and momentous transformations in the history of the modern world. The Arab chain reaction against Britain started in Egypt, where in July 1952 a group of army officers seized power. A few years later, Sukarno nationalized all Dutch East Indies properties and expelled all ethnic Dutchover 300,000as well as several hundred thousand ethnic Indonesians who supported the Dutch cause. Source: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images. Europeans had colonized western Africa in the later 19th and early 20th centuries confident that their civilization was immensely superior to anything Africa had produced or could produce.

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